Easy2Siksha.com
   2023
/  
 
(  )
 : 3   :100
:     ,            
         
-
1.           
2.     ,      
-
3.       ?        
   
4.      -  ? 
    
-
Easy2Siksha.com
5.          ?      
       
6.        
-
7.         
8.         -  ?
Easy2Siksha.com
   2023
/  
 
(  )
 : 3   :100
:     ,            
         
-
1.           
:      
         ,    , ,    
              , 
   ,         
  ,        ,    
                 
           
    ,    ,      

1.    –   
     
  ,   ,     
                 
   
Easy2Siksha.com
      :
• - 
•     
•           
         ,        
            

2.       
       ,        
              
 
•              
•                

•           
           ,   
     
              
3.   –        
               ,    
     
             
   :
•      ,       
•        
•          
        ,        
  ,   
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4.      
      , ,   ,  
           
      :
1.          
2. -  ,          
  - ""           
-                , 
    
       
5. -    – “ ,  ”  
             ,   
         
         
-      :
•  
•   
•    
          ,  ,    
           
6.    
   ,       ,   ,
, ,             
       
             , :
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•     -   
•       
•        
                 
7. ,    
        ,        
        :
•    
•   
•      
• 
        
,   
      ,     
         
8.     
  ,           
       ,     
        :
•    
•      
•             
,  ,            
,  -          
  
9.    
     , ,       
,             
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     :
•  
•  
•     
                ,  
   
10.  
           ,    
           ,   ,  
            
   :
•   
•   
•        

       ,   ,  , ,
  ,  , ,      
               , 
              
2.     ,      
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ,     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
1980      ()        
        
   ()    ,
   
            
      :  ,     
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󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
1.   
 (
):
o         ,     
  
o               
     ,         
o               
  
2.  :
o              
 
o             
    
3.  ,  ,  :
o      —        
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,             ,
     ,  
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
1.  
•   :,       ,  
"  "  
•  :       
 
•  :,         
•  :           
2.  
•   :     ,    
       
• : 2020         
•  : ,        
3.  
•  ( ):  ,   
•   :          
  
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•  :          
4.  
• 
 :        
•   :         
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
1.  
•  :           
•  :     
•     ():        
2.  
•    :      
•  :     
•   :       
•   :     
 
3.    
•  :-       
•   :        
•  :        
4.    
 
• ,      -
•          
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼:   

•  :      
• :    2020     
•  :    
      

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•   :           
•  :          
•   :        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
       
       
  ,  ,    
      
     ,          
            ,   
        
-
3.       ?        
   
:   
             ,   
                 
             ?   , ,
,              ? 
        ?       
  
    ,       "      " 
  ,  , ,     
                 
  ,   ,         , ,
,  ,          ,
         
 ,               
 
1.  
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                
             , "    ?"
 "        ?"         
-               
  
,          ,     , 
      ,      ,     
   
2. 
          ,  ,
, , , ,          ,  - 
              , 
,            
              
,           ,    
  
         
3.    
   ,      , -  ,     
         , 
, , 
                 ,
   ,  ,    ,      
 
-  
    -        , 
            
4.    
, ,               
       ()        
,      ,         
 
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 ,       :
“       ?”
   ,  , , ,      
    ,           
,             
5.   
               , 
   ,            
         
 ,  -  -  ,    
        ,    
  ,       -  
6.      
   ,             
         ,          
  ,  ,         
 ,      ,       
    ,    
7.      
         ,  
           :
“    ?    ?”
  , ,        
 ,    , ,        
         
8. ,    
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    ,  ,  ,     
, ,            
    
  , ,            
-     ,        
           
9.      
               :
•      ? •     ? •      
?
•  ,          ?
     ,           ,     
 
10. , 
  
-        
 , , ,   
             
 , ,
      ,       

             , , , ,
,   ,           -
        ,    -    
 ,         
               
          ,      ,  ,
            ,  
 
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4.      -  ? 
    
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
      ,           
 ,   ,   
        
              
 ,       ,       ,
             
             
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1.     
•          
•             
•         ,     
     
•      ,        
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    ,          
        
2.   
•          
•               
   
•              
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔               
  
3. ,       
•    ,         
•         ,     
 
•  
      ,       
  
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4. --- ()   
•         ,      
  ,     
•          30-40%     
•        ,   -  
        
5.     
•         ,      

•              ,    
-   
•         
6.    
•    —    ,      —
        
•             
•   ,       
7.   
•    ,         
• ,            
     
•         
8.       
•          
•       ,        
•               
9.      
•   -       ,   
 
•       ,        
•       
Easy2Siksha.com
10.     

•           
•              
       
•       ,       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
  
1.    
•            
•          
•               

2.     
•              
  
•            
•            
3.    
•          , 
       
•              
  
4.     
•             

•          
5.      
•          
•              
 
•            
6.      
Easy2Siksha.com
•          
•           
•          
7.    
•             
•           
8.      
•           
•    -    
•           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
         -     ,   ,
,            
      ,        ,  
               
 
-
5.          ?      
       
:                

        —  , , ,   
            ,   
         ,     
           ,   
        -       ,
    ,          
  -     
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        ?
1.          
  ,            
, ,           ,     
          -     
                     
               
 " ," " ," " ,"     
2.    
   -         
        ,         
       ,       
           ,      
      ,  "  "      
3.    
 ,           
  
             , 
                
              
 
4.     
   ,           
  ,           
      -      
          ,     
    ,         
5.     
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       ,          
                 
     -       ,     
     ,         

6. 
   
     – , , , , , ,   
                  
,           
      , 
            
  

7.      

 ,                
      ,           
     ,         ,    
      
 ,            - -   ,
      
           
    :              
 ?        :
1.     
                 
                
        ,   
    
,    
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2.      
                
               
              
       
3.      
              
      , ,       
         ,       
       
4.       
                 —
, ,  , ,   ,  ,   
                , 
      
5. -    
 ,   ,         
     - ,  ,     
               -
   ,       
6.    
          ,  
             
              
7.       
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 ,            :








,








-









      ,         
       

       ,         
 ,   ,             
       ,      
             ,  
     ,          
  
    "  "    ,   
 
6.        
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
      ,          
 ,    2024     ,        
                  —
-            ,   
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼1.     
• :   ()  2024        
              

  ()      
• :       ,     
               
•   :             
 -        ,         
   
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󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼2.     
• :        2024      
      
• :      ,       
  
•   :           
 —      ,       

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼3.    
• :          
,           
• :
      - ,      - 
  
•   :        -
                 

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼4.      
• :           
     ,  ( -  )   
     
• :      ,     ,    
       
•   :           
     ,          
         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼5.     
• :         ,  
       
• :         -   
   
•   :            
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼6.    
• :       ,   
       
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• :       ,      
    
•   :           
 ,               
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼7.     
• :        ,   
    
• :        ,   
             
•   :          
     ,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼8.    
• : —  ,   — 
            
• :        ,    
      
•   :          
 —        ,       
-  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼9.    
• : ,           
              
• :          
•   :          , 
            
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
   ,  ,  ,   , 
                
       ,       
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-
7.         
:         
       ,            
      ,        
  ,      
   ,  ,   
                
          ,     
        ,        
 
          
1.  
             1947  
 ,               
   ,              

   ,       :
•  
 
•     
•       
              , 
               
 
2.  
               ,
   :
•       
• , , , ,      
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•     
    :
•                
  
•          
•                
      
,        ,         
    
3. 
 
            ,     
         :
•     
•  ,    
• 
•  
,           :
•    
•    
•      
•   ,        
 , 
            
4.  
       ,        ,  
               
 :
•  
•  
•   
Easy2Siksha.com
•  
             :
•     
•   
•        
•     
          (  ), ,  , ,
                
,             
5.    
       ,        ,
:
•   
•     
• 
    
 ,          -    
     :
•         
•          
•           
•         
•           
,                
6.   
 
               
    :
•   
•  
Easy2Siksha.com
•  
• 
 
  :
•             ,   
  
•             
 
,    ,     
     
 , ,        ,    
   
7. 
 
   -           
               
   ,            
     
  :
• 
•  
• 
•  
            
,  , 20,  

          
8.     
        ,    ,  
                
  :
•   - 
•   -
•    
Easy2Siksha.com
, , ,           

          

            , , 
,  ,  , ,       
          
    ,  
,      
       
8.         -  ?
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
   1947   ,        :     
              , 
   
            
        —  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    :              
  ,        ,      
   
       
         
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.   
•         ,        

•             
•       
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:              
   
2.     
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•     ,          
•               
 
•  1961  ,         
()    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔          
     
 
3.    
•              
•             
   
  
•              
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:               
    
4.    
•             
•           
•               
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   -480         ,  
        
5.  
•       
       
•   ,     -   
•    
        
6.     
•         
• 
   ()       ,    
        
•                

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
Easy2Siksha.com
1.     
•    ,  -      -  
•               ,  
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: 1962  -   ,          
2.   
•              

•                
  
•           
3.   
•        ,        
           
•                
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             ,
     
4.     
•      ,     
 , 
1971  - ,      
•           
5.     
•              
•          (1947, 1965, 1971, 1999)  
(1962)    
•                
 
6.     
•    ,            -
  
•     ,         
  
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• 
   ()     -   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
      -   
•
:   ,         

• :       ,      
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :        ,     
         
       
 ,           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
               
    ,           
  ,    —   ,  
       
,    ""         ,  
           ,    
      
      
“             
       ,       ”